Applies to cases where the right to be heard and judged by a competent, impartial tribunal is concerned and contested.
The case is brought in direct relation to electoral matters, including but not limited to hinderance of free and fair political participation during election or denial of the right to vote or stand for office.
Applies to cases where the applicant(s) faces issues of discrimination, harm or abuse due to their gender, specifically invoking women’s rights and failure of the state in protecting them.
Child’ means every human being below the age of 18 years (African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child). ‘Youth’ refers to anyone between 15 and 35 years old.
the collective rights of indigenous, nomadic and traditional communities, especially relating to land, resources, culture, and self-determination. It is concerned with the violations of group rights and state failures to protect indigenous groups.
Covers cases where the Respondent State imposes, threatens to impose, or fails to safeguard against the use of capital punishment
Cases are concerned with issues of the natural and human environment where respondent state: contributes to or enables harm to a healthy/satisfactory environment; pollution, extractives, or hazardous waste affecting communities.
Concerns cases where the right to education is violated or said to have been violated. Additionally, this theme may relate to cases where academic and educational institutions are said to have violated the rights of students.
This label applies where cases concern of legal status, access to or deprivation of nationality, or situations where individuals risk or experience statelessness- both direct denials of nationality and systemic barriers are considered.
Cases concern the rights and protections of individuals moving across borders, including refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants. It captures both forced displacement and state obligations towards non-nationals.
Concerns cases where property is an essential element. Applies when cases involve the right of individuals or groups to own, use, or enjoy possessions and property, and where state action or omission unlawfully interferes with that right.
Applies when courts or judges are not free from external influence, or when judicial authority is undermined.
Applies where cases concern the ability of individuals, groups, or media to hold and share opinions without restriction. Cases may involve censorship of press and individuals, restriction on protests, denial of information and criminalization of speech.
Is applicable to cases where the applicant(s) employment is at stake. Such situations may be concerned with unfair dismissal or denial of employment rights or Inequitable or unsafe working conditions.
Right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being and to the recognition of his legal status. All forms of exploitation and degradation of man particularly slavery, slave trade, torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment.
Concerning cases where the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own government.
Concerns cases where the matters of the family and family houses are concerned. Article 18 -The family shall be the natural unit and basis of society. It shall be protected by the State which shall take care of its physical health and moral.
Primarily concerning Article 6 of the Charter: 'Every individual shall have the right to liberty and to the security of his person. No one may be deprived of his freedom except for reasons and conditions previously laid down by law.'
Covers cases where applicants challenge or seek to enforce changes to the Constitution, or where state actions involve amending, suspending, or interpreting constitutional provisions.